Joseph Savage
Forum Replies Created
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Profound Day 7 Assignment: Connection. What I learned from doing this assignment is by breaking down the connection beats into groups, it becomes easier to manage and prevents a shallow “one-stanza song.”
Logline: A nit-picking and entitled medical student finds meaning in life when he must learn how to sew from a nursing home resident in order to pursue a career in surgery.
Relatability: Studies hard, does his best work, admits his nit-pickiness, helps out another student with studying a medical topic
Intrigue: “has to become a surgeon” – why? (his best friend in grade school died of a botched surgery)
Empathy: The long call hours that violate legal limits, the less-than-minimum wage pay, the student debt, the low status as a student, the competitive and sometimes underhanded environment
Likability – nit-picking is also his strength—seeks the latest treatments; goes through long lists of patient’s problems to make sure the priorities are addressed; gets pillows, blankets, water, and food for patients; knows cleaning staff by name because his nit-picking makes cleanliness important.
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This reply was modified 4 years ago by Joseph Savage.
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This reply was modified 4 years ago by
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Joseph Savage’s Transformational Structure Day 6 Assignment
While I have read about layering the build of the script before, this is the first time that I have had not just topics (character development, dialogue voice identification, etc) but a whole secondary structure to add. It has been a both an interesting and worthwhile experiment. And it wasn’t as hard as I thought it would be.
Logline: An entitled and nit-picky medical student must learn to sew from a nursing home resident or lose the chance at having a career in surgery.
Main Character
The transformational character: medical student Alex Arragon
MMM Structure
1. Alex is beginning his senior year in medical school and is assigned a rotation at an inner city ER. He is only interested in surgery, so he finds working up all the other cases a waste of time, and it shows in his attitude. However, he loves doing surgical procedures in the ER, and he is assigned to sew up a forearm laceration from a woman who fell at a nursing home. He does the procedure and along the way tells the woman (Jackie Washington) that he is planning a career in surgery and can’t wait to get started. He is quite proud of his work, and he builds empathy through his talking to her with kindness.
2.When he gets done she looks at it, horrified. She suggests that if he wants a career in surgery he needs to be better at suturing. She offers to teach him. He gets angry, and leaves. A few minutes later, the attending physician comes in and checks the work, grimaces briefly, and then tries to play it off. She senses his discomfort, but is kind and lets it ride. A few minutes later Alex hears the attending talking to his colleague about the “hack job” the med student did. The second attending mentions he plans a career in surgery, and they both laugh, one saying “not in a million years.”
3. Alex decides to look at some YouTube videos, but soon realizes his work is awful. He decides to see if the old lady will still teach him. He looks up her address and tries to talk to her on the phone, but she is at a doctor’s appointment. He asks her to call.
4.She does, and he says he has reconsidered her offer. He then begins to explain how what he is going to do will be way above her level, but it’s always good to have some secondary practice. She suggests he change his name from Arragon to Arrogance, and hangs up.
5. He tries to find a senior resident to teach him, but they are already sleep deprived and don’t have time for him. One of them mentions he took lessons from an old seamstress for a while and it really helped. He calls around, but most of the shops have the work sent out. He finds a place and a person who is willing to help. He goes in great anticipation.
6. When he gets there, he finds the seamstress uses an advanced computer assisted sewing machine, and does little-to-no-work by hand. Now he knows why the resident mentioned an old seamstress.
7. He looks for someone who fits the bill, but runs out of options. Having no options and less time, he’s desperate, and now willing to eat crow to save his career. He calls Ms. Washington again. He apologizes and asks for another chance. She consents.
8. Their journey begins. She teaches him basic sewing technique, and with each session we learn more about her. Her father, a surgeon, taught her to sew when she was six years old, and clearly has taught her a lot about surgery. We also discover she is in the nursing home because she has terminal cancer, and she can no longer care for herself. We also learn she is from Senegal, and she has no family in the US, and she is broke from her cancer treatment. Furthermore, her family is very poor, and they cannot afford to come see her. She admits teaching him gives her a sense of purpose, and he admits he likes the lessons. We also learn about him as well, the pressure of his parents, his older brother’s death in Afghanistan, his mother’s subsequent alcoholism. Their bond grows, and she teaches him how to be a compassionate person as well as a skilled tailor.
9. He does his last rotation before having to apply to surgical residencies with a plastic surgeon. He is now much more humble and compassionate, and the attending surgeon is amazed how fast and how well he can suture. He even helps with an arterial leak that is difficult to stop because the surgeon doesn’t have an exposure angle. Alex asks to try it from his angle. The surgeon suggests they trade places, but he with the torrent of blood asks if there is time. The surgeon tells the scrub nurse to hand him the suture. Alex is able to stem the bleeding and save the patient’s life. Afterwards, he hears the surgeon tell a colleague that wishes his senior residents had the skill that Alex, as a medical student did.
10. He goes to the nursing home to tell Ms. Washington the great news, but she has been rushed to the hospital for a broken hip when she fell during transfer to her wheelchair. He rushes to see her, and stays with her until she is settled in at 4 am, when he has to leave for rounds, meaning hew will now go 30 hours without sleep. He continues to care for her and be with her in the hospital.
11. She does well with surgery, but post-op develops a blood clot in her lung and nearly dies. She is sent back to the nursing home, clearly much weaker than before. The day after she returns, he gets a letter of acceptance to Yale’s surgery residency, and he rushes to see her. When he gets there, all the residents are abuzz and look at him. Fearing she has died, he rushes to her room. When he gets there, there is a gaggle of press outside her room and he is bewildered. He pushes them aside to see her. She is weak but alive and smiles to see him. When he asks what is going on, one of the press informs him that his friend has won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for her pioneering work in endoscopic surgery. She gets a surprise visit from her family in Senegal, which was arranged by the Nobel Committee staff and the Senegalese Ambassador to the US. After she greets them, she introduces Alex as her new son.
12. Epilogue: Dr. Washington died 3 months later, and left the funds from the Nobel Prize to build an surgical clinic in Senegal for the poor. Alex goes there tend days every year to perform free surgeries for those in need. When he graduated from residency, he enlisted a team of surgeons and surgical residents to go with him. As of the time of filming this movie, they have completed 1,857 operations.
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I, Joseph Savage, as a member of this group, I agree to the following:
1. That everyone’s work here is copyrighted and they are the sole
owner of that work. I acknowledge that submission of an idea to this
group constitutes a claim of and the recognition of ownership of that
idea.2. That this program is copyrighted by Hal Croasmun and I will not share,
disclose, present, or deliver the information, design, and writing of this
program to anyone for any reason without written permission from Hal Croasmun.3. That I will keep the other writers’ ideas and writing confidential
(including Hal’s materials) and will not share this information with
anyone without the express written permission of the writer/owner.
I will not market or even discuss this information with anyone
outside this group.4. I also understand that many stories and ideas are similar and/or
have common themes and from time to time, two or more people can
independently and simultaneously generate the same concept or
movie idea.5. Finally, I agree not to bring suit against anyone in this group for
any reason, unless they use a substantial portion of my copyrighted
work in a manner that is public and/or that prevents me from
marketing my script by shopping it to production companies, agents,
managers, actors, networks, studios or any other entertainment
industry organizations or people.Joseph Savage
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Hi All,
I’m Joseph Savage, I hope to develop a successful writing process for thriller novels (I’m an MFA student in Popular Fiction at Emerson College). I haven’t written a screenplay yet. Something unique about me is that I used to be a medic for a SWAT team.
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Joseph Savage’s Transformational Structure Day 5 Assignment
While I have read about layering the build of the script before, this is the first time that I have had not just topics (character development, dialogue voice identification, etc) but a whole secondary structure to add. It has been a both an interesting and worthwhile experiment. And it wasn’t as hard as I thought it would be.
Logline: An entitled and nit-picky medical student must learn to sew from a nursing home resident or lose the chance at having a career in surgery.
Main Character
The transformational character: medical student Alex Arragon
MMM Structure
1. Alex is beginning his senior year in medical school and is assigned a rotation at an inner city ER. He is only interested in surgery, so he finds working up all the other cases a waste of time, and it shows in his attitude. However, he loves doing surgical procedures in the ER, and he is assigned to sew up a forearm laceration from a woman who fell at a nursing home. He does the procedure and along the way tells the woman (Jackie Washington) that he is planning a career in surgery and can’t wait to get started. He is quite proud of his work, and he builds empathy through his talking to her with kindness.
2.When he gets done she looks at it, horrified. She suggests that if he wants a career in surgery he needs to be better at suturing. She offers to teach him. He gets angry, and leaves. A few minutes later, the attending physician comes in and checks the work, grimaces briefly, and then tries to play it off. She senses his discomfort, but is kind and lets it ride. A few minutes later Alex hears the attending talking to his colleague about the “hack job” the med student did. The second attending mentions he plans a career in surgery, and they both laugh, one saying “not in a million years.”
3. Alex decides to look at some YouTube videos, but soon realizes his work is awful. He decides to see if the old lady will still teach him. He looks up her address and tries to talk to her on the phone, but she is at a doctor’s appointment. He asks her to call.
4.She does, and he says he has reconsidered her offer. He then begins to explain how what he is going to do will be way above her level, but it’s always good to have some secondary practice. She suggests he change his name from Arragon to Arrogance, and hangs up.
5. He tries to find a senior resident to teach him, but they are already sleep deprived and don’t have time for him. One of them mentions he took lessons from an old seamstress for a while and it really helped. He calls around, but most of the shops have the work sent out. He finds a place and a person who is willing to help. He goes in great anticipation.
6. When he gets there, he finds the seamstress uses an advanced computer assisted sewing machine, and does little-to-no-work by hand. Now he knows why the resident mentioned an old seamstress.
7. He looks for someone who fits the bill, but runs out of options. Having no options and less time, he’s desperate, and now willing to eat crow to save his career. He calls Ms. Washington again. He apologizes and asks for another chance. She consents.
8. Their journey begins. She teaches him basic sewing technique, and with each session we learn more about her. Her father, a surgeon, taught her to sew when she was six years old, and clearly has taught her a lot about surgery. We also discover she is in the nursing home because she has terminal cancer, and she can no longer care for herself. We also learn she is from Senegal, and she has no family in the US, and she is broke from her cancer treatment. Furthermore, her family is very poor, and they cannot afford to come see her. She admits teaching him gives her a sense of purpose, and he admits he likes the lessons. We also learn about him as well, the pressure of his parents, his older brother’s death in Afghanistan, his mother’s subsequent alcoholism. Their bond grows, and she teaches him how to be a compassionate person as well as a skilled tailor.
9. He does his last rotation before having to apply to surgical residencies with a plastic surgeon. He is now much more humble and compassionate, and the attending surgeon is amazed how fast and how well he can suture. He even helps with an arterial leak that is difficult to stop because the surgeon doesn’t have an exposure angle. Alex asks to try it from his angle. The surgeon suggests they trade places, but he with the torrent of blood asks if there is time. The surgeon tells the scrub nurse to hand him the suture. Alex is able to stem the bleeding and save the patient’s life. Afterwards, he hears the surgeon tell a colleague that wishes his senior residents had the skill that Alex, as a medical student did.
10. He goes to the nursing home to tell Ms. Washington the great news, but she has been rushed to the hospital for a broken hip when she fell during transfer to her wheelchair. He rushes to see her, and stays with her until she is settled in at 4 am, when he has to leave for rounds, meaning hew will now go 30 hours without sleep. He continues to care for her and be with her in the hospital.
11. She does well with surgery, but post-op develops a blood clot in her lung and nearly dies. She is sent back to the nursing home, clearly much weaker than before. The day after she returns, he gets a letter of acceptance to Yale’s surgery residency, and he rushes to see her. When he gets there, all the residents are abuzz and look at him. Fearing she has died, he rushes to her room. When he gets there, there is a gaggle of press outside her room and he is bewildered. He pushes them aside to see her. She is weak but alive and smiles to see him. When he asks what is going on, one of the press informs him that his friend has won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for her pioneering work in endoscopic surgery. She gets a surprise visit from her family in Senegal, which was arranged by the Nobel Committee staff and the Senegalese Ambassador to the US. After she greets them, she introduces Alex as her new son.
12. Epilogue: Dr. Washington died 3 months later, and left the funds from the Nobel Prize to build an surgical clinic in Senegal for the poor. Alex goes there tend days every year to perform free surgeries for those in need. When he graduated from residency, he enlisted a team of surgeons and surgical residents to go with him. As of the time of filming this movie, they have completed 1,857 operations.
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Profound Assignment Day 5: Three Gradients
Emotional Gradient
DENIAL/ANGER – Nursing Home Resident makes adverse remark about suturing job on her forearm laceration to Alex (protagonist)
FEAR – Alex overhears the ER attending also remark about the poor suturing job creates threat to his career goal
DEPRESSION – Tries to improve on his own, but fails
DESPERATION—Calls nursing home resident to learn to suture, but his attempting to save face causes her to reject him
DOOM/REVERSAL— Tries other residents and fails, calls to apologize, relationship starts
FRUSTRATION—Given tasks which do not seem to directly relate (ala Karate Kid) but with no options, does the work
CONCERN—The change agent (Jackie Washington) gets sick, so he fears losing his only method of teaching
RELIEF—She improves and they return to their lessons
COMPASSION—But she is weaker, and he becomes concerned for her health and comfort – internal change to compassion
CONFIDENCE—He sees improvement in his work
HUMILIATION—She teaches him an advanced technique that an old attending doctor doesn’t understand and so he gets chastised as arrogant, even though he no longer is
ACCEPTANCE—He has a talk with Ms. Washington, has a heart-to-heart about learning to take abuse from patients, nurses, attendings. “My Dad was a black surgeon. He faced abuse you would shudder at. He always kept saying, you don’t know what is going on underneath people.”Armed with this knowledge, he resolves to make his work his strength
SUCCESSES—transformed inwardly, he is able to sew a wound so quickly that the attendings are astonished. A nurse notes his compassion and ability to calm a violent patient. He saves a hemorrhaging patient’s life using a specialized figure-of-eight tension suture.
WITH PAINFUL FAILURES—He fails to save a life of the nursing home resident that lives across from Ms. Washington. He gets undercut by another student (betrayer) who wants to apply to the same residency he does, and applies the “you don’t know what is going on underneath people.” Ms. Washington gets too weak to do his lessons on some days. He doesn’t get interviewed for the residency he realistically wants, and extends the “you don’t know what is going on underneath people” to “you don’t know what is going on underneath Anything.”
JOY/INTRIGUE—he gets interviewed for a residency he never dreamed possible, based on a letter of recommendation the committee found “of significant weight.” Given confidentiality requirements, they will not tell him more.
ELATION/TERROR—he gets accepted to Yale, but when he goes to show the letter to Ms. Washington, the residents are looking at him strangely and whispering. Fearing she is dead, he rushes to her room, but there is a crowd outside. He pushes his way in, and finds her perfectly well. She is receiving the Nobel Prize in Medicine for her pioneering work in endoscopy. A doctor comes up to Dr Washington and says, “this must be the prodigee you told me about.”
Alex blurts out that he has been accepted to Yale. The same man says, “She knows. She’s the one that wrote your recommendation, and I’m the one who wrote the letter you have in your hand.”
Dr. Washington adds, “see, you never know what is going on underneath people.”
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Joseph Savage’s Dead Poet Society Analysis
Analysis of Dead Poet’s Society
The Change
It is mentioned by Gale Nolan, the Head Master and Cameron in their exchange at the end: “We read mostly the Romantics and some post Civil War stuff.”
“What about the Realists?”
“We skipped them.”
What is called “Old Ways” and “New Ways” in this course is to my mind better thought of as two themes at war. That way, as I write the script, I am never sure who will win. In the Dead Poet’s Society, the war between the rationalists and the romantics is unfinished. Sure, there is the dramatic moment at the end, but remember they all signed the document condemning Keating.
The Change Agent
Keating, who was a graduate of Hell-ton and the yearbooks “Man most likely to do anything.”
The Transformable Characters
Todd is the most transformed, as he goes from an extremely introverted and compliant person to being bold enough to be the first to stand on his desk. He also has his moment of transformation when he says he didn’t write a poem to spontaneously delivering a deeply dramatic stanza.
Old Ways
Tradition, Honor, Discipline, Excellence: Supremacy of Society
New Ways
Breaking tradition, experimenting, experiencing, creativity, non-conformity: Supremacy of the Individual
The Gradient
It is complex and runs differently for each character. For Knox, it is the B plot of daring to show his feeling to Chris. For Todd, it is standing up for himself and the truth. For Neil, it was finding his passion and confronting his father (and he failed at the later). For Charlie, it was open defiance to the pressure to conform.
Profound Moments
The first lecture, where Keating says “Carpe Diem.” Todd creating a poetic stanza with Keating, Neil’s acting and then death, Knox’s professing his love and ultimately forming a relationship with Chris Noel. The final scene with the boys standing on their desks.
Profound Lines
Nearly every line of poetry quoted. When Keating says “ law, science, and engineering-–these are noble pursuits; but romance, art, and adventure—these are the things we live for.” When Neil tells his father “Nothing.”
To truly live requires calculated risks and allowing for unpredictability. Society keeps us comfortable and conforming, but it requires predictability.
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Joseph Savage’s Lead Characters
I learned that “The Oppression” works better as an impersonal institution or concept. This forces the protagonist to deal with a limitless, (mostly) faceless opposition. This is true with The Matrix, Groundhog Day, and Dead Poet’s Society. It’s important for two reasons. By declaring early on that the protagonist cannot directly destroy it, she comes to realize the only way to win is through the journey of internal change. Second, by keeping the opposition impersonal, it makes the conflict with the betrayer clear, focused, and importantly, painfully personal.
Logline: A nit-picking and entitled medical student finds meaning in life when he must learn how to sew from a nursing home resident in order to pursue a career in surgery.
Transformable Character: Medical Student, Alex Arragon
Change Agent: Nursing Home Resident: Jackie Washington, nursing home resident (and secretly, a retired pioneering surgeon).
The Oppression: The brutally competitive residency match process
The Betraying Character: David Butoni, a ruthless medical student who undermines the protagonist
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Alex Harrigan’s Transformational Journey
An entitled and picky medical student must learn to sew from a nursing home resident in order to be considered for a surgical residency.
Old Ways: Entitled, fussy about dress, appearances of others, unhappy about having to do menial chores that medical students have to do. Can’t do basic suturing but doesn’t initially know this.
New Ways: Compassionate, improved social skills, skilled and quick at manual surgical techniques, is accepted to Yale’s surgical residency program.
I learned that this is easiest as a “reverse” exercise. Begin at the final state of the character. Then build the external world that reflects that state. Then go back and define the most opposite state that is at all credible. Then define the character as adapted to that state either by acceptance (low self esteem) or rejection (arrogant denial).
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Joseph Savage Day 2 Profound Premise Three Questions
The Profound Truth: People can be much more than they appear.
Audience change: To be more understanding that people may have far more depth than appears on the surface.
Vehicle: A nit-picking and entitled medical student finds meaning in life from learning to sew from a nursing home resident.
Synopsis: A nursing home resident falls and has to get a stitches on her forearm. The medical student assigned to sewing her up is gruff while she tries to make conversation. She looks at the result and it’s poorly done. She asks him what he wants to do in his training, and he says he wants to be a surgeon. She asks if he thinks he will actually get in if he suturing looks like that. He gets angry, but she says she can teach him. He blows her off, but later hears behind his back some of the attending ER doctors talking about his laceration repairs as hack jobs. He decides to at least apologize. He calls, and he finds out she is in a nursing home. He discusses his purpose of talking to her to the nurse, who strongly suggests he makes his apology in person. Then there are intrigues – she knows surgical knots, then she teaches him to sew with surgical instruments, etc. She explains her father was a surgeon. He learns about her. She is in the nursing home because she has terminal cancer. She gave up her fortune to build a hospital system in her native Senegal. Through her tutelage and by watching her suffer her illness with dignity, he becomes a compassionate and skilled doctor. He is accepted to Yale’s surgery program. He comes to show her the letter of acceptance, but as he walks in, all the nursing home residents stare at him and are in a buzz. He rushes to her room, knowing she has died. There is a media flurry outside her room and he bewildered. He learns she is not only alive, but has won a Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology for her pioneering work in endoscopic surgery.
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This reply was modified 4 years ago by Joseph Savage.
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This reply was modified 4 years ago by
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Joseph Savage Analysis of Groundhog Day 20 Apr 21
1. The Change
Phil Connors goes from being a prima donna to an altruistic, caring man.
2. Lead Cast
The change agent is Rita and her repeated rejection, and Phil Connors is the transformable character. The oppression is the 6:00 am deadline. I will posit that the time loop only allows Phil the opportunity to experiment with change without irrevocable consequences, and he tells Rita this when she suggests hanging around with him. He responds with “as kind of a science project.”
3. Initial Connection
Suffering the annoyances of life on the road–not getting the right type of coffee, Ned Ryerson the insurance salesman’s pushiness, being asked for money, stepping in the slush hole, enduring Mrs. Lancaster’s morning chit-chat, being trapped in a hick town because of a storm, getting blasted in a cold shower, having to listen to the Pennsylvania Polka.
4A. The Old Ways
Being self-centered and caring only about his own job prospects, getting affirmation that he is a “celebrity” even if he has to force it on people – “Don’t you have a line for celebrities or emergencies? Well, I am a celebrity in an emergency.”
4B. The New Ways
The new ways are caring about others, performing meaningful acts of kindness, facing self and changing what’s in the morning mirror. But the biggest change was also the most subtle: accepting life on its own terms and learning to live within it. This occurs when he realizes he cannot save Pops, although he saves Buster from choking.
5. Steps of Change
Discussion of repetition with Rita > Medical Exam > Psychiatric Exam > Hedonism with Ralph & Gus, and then others > Interest in, and failure with Rita > Suicides with death of self but not body > Resurrection of self in the same body and admission that he is not that smart, that he is a jerk > Altruism > Death of Pops leads to death of expectation and resurrection to acceptance through art (piano, ice sculpture, poetry) > Art leads to compassion and finding happiness and meaning in life > becoming a compassionate man leads to attracting love.
6. Challenging the Old Way
The first challenge is testing the lack of long-term consequences of actions: it starts with the wild ride with Ralph and Gus, goes through eating and smoking, picking up Nancy, robbing the money bag, role-playing Clint Eastwood at the movies with a second girl
The second challenge is testing his relational skills with Rita. He starts with learning everything about her and parroting her likes off as their commonalities and ends with her constant rejection.
The third challenge is testing life itself by committing suicide repeatedly, goes through a middle stage of him thinking he’s a demigod, and ends with loss of self. Connors says this when he states “I’ve committed suicide so many times I no longer exist.” This, in turn, allows him to lose his narcissism. He admits it first when Rita asks him how he knows everything, and he says something to the effect that “I’m not that smart. I’ve just been around a long time.” He then later openly admits he is a jerk.
7. Profound Moments
The first time he experiences the loop, the drunken ride with Ralph and Gus when he tries hedonism, his developing interest in Rita and asking her what she would do if she had only one day to live, his newscast when he thinks that the winter will end only when he and the groundhog no longer see their shadows, the admission to Rita that he is a jerk, his admission that he didn’t deserve Rita, his acceptance of Pops death and his acceptance of no tomorrow, and the realization he is happy because he is able to give real love regardless of the lack of consequences or reciprocation.
8. Profound Lines
There are many. Nearly all of them can be summed up in this one line: “I don’t deserve someone like you, but if I could, I would love you for the rest of my life.”
9. Setups and Payoffs
The setups are the multiple, but they center on selfish haughtiness shown to everyone in the first half of the movie and then demonstrated in the incomplete change to altruism and art. But the final payoff comes when he accepts Pops death and in doing so, his own life. The payout is double. He gets the girl, but also, he finds his tribe – he stays in Puxatawny.
10. The Profound Truth
Love is not something we fall into. It is something built each day when we chose to be both our deepest and highest self.
This requires the dual death of desire and of hope, and dual life of altruism and art.
Buddhism. All the way down to reincarnation.
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I was able to open the teleconference but I can’t find The Matrix Map pdf.
I learned that the profound question must precede the profound truth, and the hero’s journey of transformation is suffering all the wrong answers first. I also learned that the story at the opening, it is more important to start with connection than big action.
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I agree to the terms of this NDA release form. Joseph
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Hi, I’m Joseph (he) and I am in the middle of my MFA in Popular Fiction and Publishing at Emerson College. I am taking this course to learn more about how to write with intellectual AND emotional impact. I worked as a spaceflight surgeon for the International Space Station program before coming to my current job, so it wasn’t just out of the box, it was off the planet. I am looking forward to learning with you and from you during the course. Given the variety of people here, it looks like we are going to have some profound fun!
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Suzanne,
Nice catch on Larry. I initially saw him as “Dr. Watson,” a character who acts as a natural intermediary for the audience so background information could be explained without appearing awkward. But I missed the second half of his equation – the contrast enhancement to Phil during his change. Thanks for that insight.
Joseph